СРАВНИТЕЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ИНСТИТУТА УПОЛНОМОЧЕННОГО ПО ПРАВАМ ЧЕЛОВЕКА (ОМБУДСМЕНА) В КАЗАХСТАНЕ, ШВЕЦИИ И ГРУЗИИ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52123/1994-2370-2026-1682Ключевые слова:
Commissioner for Human Rights, Ombudsman, human rights, powers, complaintsАннотация
Институт Уполномоченного по правам человека (омбудсмена) обеспечивает внесудебную защиту граждан, выступая одним из ключевых механизмов реагирования на неправомерные действия или бездействие государственных органов. Целью данной статьи является сопоставление практики деятельности омбудсменов Казахстана, Швеции и Грузии и выявление зарубежного опыта для развития национальной модели этого института. Для достижения поставленной цели использованы сравнительно-правовой анализ, анализ нормативных актов, официальных докладов омбудсменов и статистики обращений граждан.
Результаты исследования показали, что при сходстве базовых функций фактическое влияние омбудсменов существенно различается и определяется объемом мандата, инструментами воздействия и уровнем парламентского участия и степенью публичности деятельности. По итогам проведенного анализа сформулирован ряд рекомендаций по усилению роли Уполномоченного по правам человека в Казахстане, включая развитие парламентского контроля за исполнением рекомендаций, использование потенциала публичности и реализацию полномочий по обращению в Конституционный суд, что позволяет повысить результативность правозащитной деятельности.
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