EU EXPERIENCE IN IMPLEMENTING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS: FEATURES AND ADVANTAGES OF APPROACHES

Abstract

In the last decade sustainable development has emerged as a cornerstone of global governance, bridging environmental preservation, economic progress, and social equity. This paper explores the theoretical underpinnings of sustainable development, tracing its evolution from early international frameworks to its integration into the European Union’s (EU) policies. By comparing the EU’s sustainable development approach with the United Nations (UN) framework, this research highlights the distinct mechanisms and strategies that position the EU as a regional leader in sustainability. Particular attention is given to how the EU has embedded sustainable development goals into its treaties, directives, and strategies, including the European Green Deal and Fit for 55 Package. The paper also examines the tools and principles guiding the EU’s efforts, such as the precautionary principle, policy coherence, and robust monitoring systems like Eurostat SDG reports. Despite the EU’s progress, challenges persist, including disparities among member states and geopolitical pressures. This research concludes with recommendations to enhance the EU’s global role in sustainable development, emphasizing the importance of policy innovation, international collaboration, and alignment with UN frameworks to address emerging global challenges. These findings have practical implications for Kazakhstan, which is taking confident steps towards achieving sustainable development goals.