ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC POLICY ON KAZAKHSTAN’S SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITALIZATION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52123/1994-2370-2025-1502Keywords:
special economic zone, state regulation, triple helix, information and communication technologies, digital technologies, digital platforms, artificial intelligenceAbstract
Countries are actively developing special economic zones (SEZs) to stimulate economic growth, attract investment, and promote the development of priority sectors. In the context of digital transformation, the development of state policy aimed at the digital upgrading of SEZs becomes increasingly important. This article analyzes Kazakhstan's state policy on the development of SEZs under the conditions of digitalization, with an emphasis on integrating information and communication technologies into business processes to enhance their efficiency and competitiveness. The primary research method is qualitative content analysis of Kazakhstan's regulatory legal acts related to public policy in this area. The normative database for the study is the legal information system "Adilet" (adilet.zan.kz). The authors develop a typology of the stages and forms of state regulation of SEZs, taking into account digitalization processes. The classification is based on the nature of legal influence, the presence of digital components, and the degree of coordination among participants. Six key regulatory forms are identified: directive, sectoral, legal (regulatory), institutional-administrative, technological, and platform-coordinative regulation. Based on this typology, the article reveals the evolution of SEZ regulation in Kazakhstan with a focus on digitalization, identifies technological opportunities for SEZ development within the framework of Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0, and proposes recommendations for their advancement in the context of digital transformation, including within the triple helix model.
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