Water Diplomacy of Kazakhstan: Problems of Cooperation and Possible Ways of Solution Water Conflicts

Abstract

During 30 years of independence, the Central Asian countries have been making significant efforts for rational and equitable management of water resources of transboundary rivers. However, judging by the fact that the situation in the Aral Sea basin continues to deteriorate, it should be recognized that the water diplomacy tools of the countries of the region are not sufficient and not so effective. The purpose of the article is to consider the possibility of transition of the countries of the region to the format of bilateral cooperation using the Water, Energy, Food-nexus concept. The paper will use a literature review method with some examples of international implementation. As a result, it can be said that bilateral cooperation in the region is used partially, many countries rely on multilateral relations, which are difficult to control and monitor water flows. As for the WEF-nexus concept, certain conditions are necessary for its implementation, which are difficult to establish in the region without establishing mutually beneficial and trusting relations.